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Sanctuary and Survival: The PLO in Lebanon

Gabriel Mistral

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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="keywords" content="PLO, Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War, Middle East, Palestinian refugees, sanctuary, survival"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"> <p>The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was founded in 1964 as the representative body of the Palestinian people. Its mission was to achieve self-determination for the Palestinians and to establish a Palestinian state. In 1970, the PLO was expelled from Jordan after a failed attempt to overthrow the Jordanian government. The PLO then established its headquarters in Lebanon, where it remained for the next two decades.</p> <p>The PLO's presence in Lebanon was a major factor in the Lebanese Civil War, which began in 1975. The PLO fought on the side of the Lebanese National Movement, a coalition of left-wing and Muslim groups, against the Lebanese government and its Christian allies. The civil war ended in 1990 with the signing of the Taif Agreement, which gave the PLO a degree of autonomy in Lebanon.</p> <p>The PLO's time in Lebanon was a period of both sanctuary and survival. The PLO provided a safe haven for Palestinian refugees, who had been displaced from their homes in Palestine by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The PLO also provided essential services to the Palestinian community in Lebanon, such as education, healthcare, and housing.</p> <p>However, the PLO's presence in Lebanon was also a source of tension and conflict. The PLO's military operations against Israel often led to reprisals by the Israeli military, which targeted Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon. The PLO's involvement in the Lebanese Civil War also contributed to the sectarian violence that plagued the country during that period.</p> <p>In 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon in an attempt to destroy the PLO. The PLO was forced to withdraw from Lebanon, and its headquarters was moved to Tunisia. However, the PLO continued to maintain a presence in Lebanon, and it played a role in the reconstruction of the country after the civil war.</p> <p>The PLO's legacy in Lebanon is complex and controversial. The PLO provided sanctuary and survival for Palestinian refugees, but it also contributed to the violence and instability that plagued Lebanon during the civil war. The PLO's time in Lebanon is a reminder of the complex and often tragic history of the Middle East.</p> <h2>Further Reading</h2> <ul> <li>Rashid Khalidi, "The PLO in Lebanon: Sanctuary and Survival"</li> <li>Deborah J. Gerner, "The PLO in Lebanon: Origins, Impact, and Endings"</li> <li>Michael Johnson, "The Palestinian Diaspora and the PLO in Lebanon, 1968-82"</li> </ul>

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A photo of a group of Palestinian refugees in a camp in Lebanon. The refugees are sitting on the ground, surrounded by their belongings. They are looking at the camera with expressions of hope and determination.

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